المجموعة 3

The Bundestag elects the Chancellor and oversees the government, but does NOT form the Federal Cabinet. The cabinet (ministers) is appointed by the Federal President on the Chancellor's proposal. Bundestag tasks: legislation, the federal budget, government oversight.

Frank-Walter Steinmeier has been German Federal President since March 2017. He was re-elected in 2022 for a second and final five-year term. The Federal President is head of state — primarily a representative role; political power lies with the Federal Chancellor.

The Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe is Germany's supreme court for constitutional questions. It reviews whether laws and state actions are compatible with the Basic Law, and can declare them invalid. It is NOT responsible for interpreting ordinary laws.

The 16 federal states participate in federal lawmaking through the Bundesrat. For laws affecting state interests, its consent is required. The Bundesrat consists of 69 members delegated by the state governments — not directly elected.